INSTRUCTIONS FOR DRAWINGS

 

Students must make their own drawings. These MUST be tracings  if you cannot draw as well as the book.  They may not be xerox copies, computer printout or any kind of drawing that the student did not make themselves. If you make a tracing, you must site your source at the bottom of the drawing.

All students must do their own work. You may need to consult sources outside your book to find sources for the drawings. The library has extensive resources that will assist you. The textbooks for Biology 100 and 260 may also be of some assistance. These are on reserve in the library. The internet is also a valuable source for information.

Do not wait until the last minute to do this test. Try to do a little bit each week.


DUE  MAY 14  AT THE BEGINNING OF PERIOD! 

Be sure put a title on each drawing.  You may NOT combine the drawings.

 

Draw a multpolar neuron and label the following structures:  dendrites, axons, cell body/perikaryon, myelin sheath, node of Ranvier, teliodendria, and synaptic bulbs.

 

Draw a typical chemical synapse and label the following structures:  telodendrion, mictochondria, synaptic vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum, synaptic cleft, presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron.

 

Draw each of the following types of neuronal circuits:  divergent, convergent, reverberating circuit and parallel after discharge circuit.

 

Using a series of drawings, demonstrate how myelinated axons in the peripheral nervous system are repaired.

 

Drw a frontal slection of the cerebrum and diencephalon and label the following structures:  caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, claustrum, lentiform nucleus, and thalamus.

 

Draw a ventral view of the brain and label the following structures:  frontal lobe olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, optic nerve, optic chiasma, mammilary body, pons, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, spinal cord, cerebral peduncles, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe.

 

Draw a midsaggital section of the brain and label the following structures:  septum pellucidium, frontal lobe, intermediate mass of thalamus, posterior commissure, anterior commissure, hypothalamus, optic chiasma, tuber cinereum, mammillary body, pituitary gland, oculomotor nerve, temporal lobe, pons, medulla oblongata, spinal cord, cerebellum, fourth ventricle, cerebral peduncle, cerebral aqueduct, corpora quadrigemma, pineal body, occipital lobe, corpus callosum, third ventricle, parietal lobe, and fornix.

 

Draw a posteriolateral view of the brain stem and label the following structures:  superior colliculi, inferior colliculi, pineal body, thalamus, cerebral peduncle, trochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, facial nerve, abducens nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve, inferior cerebellar peduncles, middle cerebellar peduncles, and superior cerebellar peduncles.

 

Draw a transverse section of the brain and label the following structures:  anterior horn of lateral ventricle, head of caudate nucleus, claustrum, lentiform nucleus, putamen, globus  pallidus, tail of caudate nucleus, thalamus, inferior horn of lateral ventricle, interna capsule, third ventricle, and thalamus.

 

Draw a posterior view of the spinal cord and label the following structures: foramen magnum, medulla oblongata, cervical enlargement, lumbar enlargement, conus medullaris, cauda equina, and filium terminale.

 

Draw an anterior view of the spinal cord showing the meninges and spinal nerves and label the following structures:   white matter, gray matter, ventral root, dorsal root, dorsal root ganglion, spinal nerve, arachnoid mater, pia mater, and dura mater.

 

Draw a transverse section through the spinal cord labeling the following structures:  posterior gray commissure, anterior gray commissure, posterior median sulcus, anterior median sulcus, ventral horn, dorsal horn, lateral horn, lateral white colums, posterior white columns, and anterior white colums.

 

Draw a peripheral nerve and label the following structures labeling the following structures:  perineurium, endoneurium, epineurium, axons, arteries, and veins.

 

Draw a view of the spinal cord showing the distribution of fibers in the major branches of a spinal nerve and label the following structures:  dorsal horn, ventral horn, dorsal root, ventral root, spinal nerve, dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, gray ramus communicantes, white ramus communicantes, sympathetic chain ganglia, sympathetic nerve.

 

Draw a posterior view of the spinal cord and label the following structures:  cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, sacral plexus, phrenic nerve, axillary nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, thoracic nerves, radial nerve, ulnar nerve, median nerve, obturator nerve, femoral nerve, pudendal nerve, sciatic nerve, saphenous nerve, common fibular nerve,  and tibial nerve.

 

Draw a monosynaptic reflex labeling the following structures:  ganglion, sensory neuron, central nervous system,  motor neuron, skeletal muscle.

 

Draw a polysynaptic reflex labeling the following structures:  ganglion sensory neuron, interneurons, motor neuron, and skeletal muscle.

 

Draw the anatomical distribution of the sympathetic postganglionic fibers.

 

Draw the anatomical distribution of the parasympathetic output.

 

Draw the distribution of cranial nerve one.

 

Draw the distribution of cranial nerve two.

 

Draw the distribution of cranial nerve three

 

Draw the distribution of cranial nerve four

 

Draw the distribution of cranial nerve five

 

Draw the distribution of cranial nerve six

 

Draw the distribution of cranial nerve seven

 

Draw the distribution of cranial nerve eight

 

Draw the distribution of cranial nerve nine

 

Draw the distribution of cranial nerve ten

 

Draw the distribution of cranial nerve eleven

 

Draw the distribution of cranial nerve twelve

 

Draw a sagittal view of the nasal cavity, labeling the following structures:  olfactory tract, olfactory nerve fibers, cribiform plate, olfactory bulb, and olfactory epithelium.

 

Draw a section of the ear, labeling the following structures:  external ear, middle ear, inner ear, auricle/pinna, external auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, tympanic cavity, oval window, round window, vestibular complex, cochlea, petrous portion of temporal bone, vestibular portion of VIII cranial nerve, cochlear portion of VIII cranial nerve, facial nerve, bony labyrinth, and auditory tube.

 

Draw a section of the middle ear, labeling the following structures:  petrous portion, tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, round window, auditory tube, tympanic cavity, tensor tympani muscle, chorda tympani, external acoustic meatus, and middle ear.

 

Draw an anterior view  of the semicircular canals and ducts, labeling the following structures:  semicircular canals, anterior, lateral, posterior, utricle, saccule, vestibular duct, cochlear duct, tympanic duct, organ of Corti, bony labyrinth of cochlea, ampullae, cristae, and semicircular ducts.

 

Draw a hair cell, labeling the following structures:  kinocilium, stereocilia, hair cell, supporting cell, and sensory nerve ending.

 

Draw a sectional view of an ampulla, labeling the following structures:  membranous  labyrinth, endolymph, cupula, hair cells, supporting cells, sensory nerve, and crista.

 

Draw a sectional view of a macula, labeling the following structures:  otoliths, gelatinous material, hair cells, and nerve fibers.

 

Draw a sectional view of the cochlear chambers, labeling the following structures:  vestibular membrane, vestibular duct, bony cochlear wall, cochlear duct/scala media, tectorial membrane, organ of Corti, basilar membrane, tympanic duct/scala tympani, and cochlear branches of the VIII cranial nerve.

 

Draw a section of the eye, labeling the following structures:  posterior cavity, anterior cavity, ora serrata, nervous tunic, vascular tunic, retina, sclera, choriod, cilary body, cornea, pupil, iris, suspensory ligaments, optic disc, central artery and vein, fovea, macula, and optic nerve,