LAB EXERCISE FOUR
These are the cranial and facial bones
and the features you will be responsible to know on the lab practical. YOU WILL
BE TESTED USING ANATOMY REVEAED,, PALS, PICTURES OF THE BONES FOUND IN LAB.
Obtain a skull and examine the following:
FRONTAL BONE
Supraorbital
margins
Supraorbital
foramen/notch
Glabella
Parietal Bone
OCCIPITAL BONE
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyles
TEMPORAL BONE
Squamous portion
Petrous portion
Tympanic portion
Zygomatic process
Mandibular fossa
External auditory
meatus/canal or External acoustic meatus/canal
Mastoid process
Internal auditory
meatus/canal or Internal acoustic meatus/canal
SPHENOID BONE
Sella turcica
Greater wings
Lesser wings
Pterygoid processes
Optic foramen/canal
Superior orbital
fissure
ETHMOID BONE
Cribiform plate
Olfactory foramen
Crista galli
Perpendicular
plate
SUTURES
CORONAL SUTURE
SAGITTAL SUTURE
SQUAMOUS/SQUAMOSAL SUTURE
LAMBDOID/LAMBDOIDAL SUTURE
SUTURAL BONES
A bone found in ANY suture is called a sutural bone. They
are most often found in the lambdoidal suture but do occur in other sutures. The
generally are small but can sometimes be quite large.
MANDIBLE
Mandibular angle
Mandibular notch
Coronoid process
Mandibular condyle
Alveolar margin
Madibular symphysis
Mandibular foramen
Mental foramen
MAXILLARY
Alveolar margins
Anterior nasal
spine
Palatine process
Incisive foramen
Inferior orbital
fissure
Infraorbital
foramen
ZYGOMATIC
Temporal process of the zygomatic bone
NASAL BONES
LACRIMAL BONES
Lacrimal canal/sulcus
PALATINE
VOMER
HYOID BONE
Name the bones that
make up the orbits of the eye.
Name the bones that
make up the nasal cavity.
These are the bones
and features of the vertebral column you will need to know:
REGIONS
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal
NORMAL CURVATURES
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
ABNORMAL CURVATURES
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Scoliosis
CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
Vertebral foramen
Body/centrum
Pedicle
Spinous process
Intervertebral
foramen (seen on intact spine not on individual bones)
Transverse foramen
Dens/odontoid
process (only on 2nd cervical vertebrae)
You will need
to be able to identify the 1st cervical vertebrae and call it by its name, the atlas.
You will need
to be able to identify the 2nd cervical vertebrae and call it by its name, the axis.
You may identify
the rest as simply cervical vertebrae.
THORACIC VERTEBRAE
Vertebral foramen
Body/centrum
Pedicle
Lamina
Spinous process
Intervertebral
foramen (seen on intact spine not on individual bones)
You will need
only to identify these as thoracic vertebrae rather than by specific number.
LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
Vertebral foramen
Body/centrum
Pedicle
Lamina
Spinous process
Intervertebral
foramen (seen on intact spine not on individual bones)
You will need
only to identify these as lumbar vertebrae rather than by specific number.
SACRAL VERTEBRAE
Superior articular
facet/process
Auricular surface
Sacral promontory
Anterior/ventral sacral
foramen
Posterior/dorsal sacral
foramen
Median sacral crest
COCCYX
These are the bones
and features you will need to know for the Thoracic cage region.
STERNUM
Manubrium
Body
Xyphoid process
Suprasternal notch/jugular
notch
Clavicular notch
Sternal angle
VERTEBROSTERNAL RIBS
VERTEBROCHONDRAL RIBS
VERTEBRAL RIBS
YOU
WILL NOT GET CREDIT FOR CALLING THEM TRUE OR FALSE RIBS
These are the bones
and features you will need to know for the shoulder girdle region.
CLAVICLE
Sternal end
Clavicular end
SCAPULA
coracoid process
acromion process/acromion
glenoid cavity/fossa
lateral border
medial border
superior border
suprascapular notch
subscapular fossa
infraspinous fossa
suprasinous fossa
spine of the scapula
HUMERUS
Head
Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
Lesser tubercle
Greater tubercle
Intertubercular groove/sulcus/bicipital
groove
Deltoid tuberosity
Radial fossa
Coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa
Capitulum (you will not receive credit
if you call this a condyle)
Trochlea (you will not receive credit
if you call this a condyle)
Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
ULNA
Olecranon process
Coronoid process
Trochlear notch
Radial notch
Styloid process
RADIUS
Head
Radial tuberosity
Styloid process
CARPALS
METACARPALS (you must identify them with
their proper number)
PHALANGES (you must identify them as proximal,
middle or distal and must also identify them by number)
Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
ILIUM
Ala
Iliac fossa
Iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac spine
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Posterior superior iliac spine
Posterior inferior iliac spine
Greater sciatic notch
Auricular surface
ISCHIUM
Inferior ramus
Ischial spine
Lesser sciatic notch
Ischial tuberosity
PUBIS
Superior ramus
Inferior ramus
PELVIC STRUCTURES
Acetabulum
Obturator foramen
Pelvic brim
True pelvis
False pelvis
Pelvic inlet
Pelvic outlet
YOU WILL NEED TO BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY WHETHER
A PELVIS IS MALE OR FEMALE.
These are the bones and features you will
need to know for the lower limbs.
FEMUR
Head
Fovea capitis
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Intertrochanteric line
Intertrochanteric crest
Linea aspera
Lateral condyles
Medial condyles
Lateral epicondyles
Medial epicondyles
Patellar surface
Intercondylar fossa
PATELLA
TIBIA
Medial condyle
Lateral condyle
Intercondylar
eminence
Tibial tuberosity
Anterior border/crest
Medial malleolus
FIBULA
These are the bones
and features you will need to know or the foot
CALCANEUS
TALUS
CUBOID
NAVICULAR
CUNEIFORMS 1,2,3/MEDIAL,
LATERAL AND MIDDLE
METARSALS (you must
identify them by number also)
PHALANGES (you must
identify them by middle, distal or proximal and by number also)
